* Analysis of Sequential Circuits * Excitation Tables for Flip Flops * Finite State Machine Diagram * Mealy Finite State Machine * Moore Finite State Machine * Need for State Machines * State Diagrams * State Encoding Techniques * State Machine * State Minimization * VHDL Coding of FSM * JK flipflop State Machine * Metastability measurement setup * Metastability Synchronizer * Detection of Static Hazards * Dynamic Hazards * Effects of Hazards * Elimination of Static Hazards * Static Hazards * UART Transmitter Design * UART Receiver Design * Traffic Light Controller * Simple Traffic Controller * Serial Adder * Sequential Counters JKFF * Sequential Counters DFF * Sequential Counters * Sequence Generator * Sequence Detector * Lift Controller * Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Machines * Asynchronous FSM * Design of Asynchronous Sequential Machine * Design Procedure for Asynchronous Sequential Circuits * Essential Hazards * Hazardfree circuit * Modes of Asynchronous Sequential Machines * ASM chart 2 bit up down counter * ASM chart for signal generator * ASM charts * ASM Chart Tool for Sequential Circuit Design * Design with Multiplexers * adjustable negative voltage regulator ics * current booster * dual power supply * low drop out voltage regulators * series regulator using op amp * three terminal adjustable voltage regulator ics * three terminal fixed voltage regulator ics * voltage regulators ics * asymmetrical inverting schmitt trigger * inverting schmitt trigger * non inverting schmitt trigger * modified precision full wave rectifier * non saturated type precision half wave rectifier * precision full wave rectifier * saturating type precision hwr * difference integral * non inverting integrator * practical integrator * summing integrator * practical differentiator * summing differentiator * comparator as a duty cycle controller * comparator as a function generator * comparator ic lm 311 * inverting comparator * non inverting comparator * voltage controlled oscillator * window comparator * asymmetrical square wave generator * bistable multivibrators * monostable multivibrator * sawtooth waveform generator * triangular waveform generator * binary weighted resistor dac * counter type adc * dual slope type adc * flash type adc * r 2r ladder dac * successive approximation type adc As the mobility of hole is less than the mobility ofĮlectron PMOS devices suffer from the lower current drive capability The negative sign appeared in the equation of I D shows that I D flows from drain to the source where as holes flow in the Where m p is the mobility of hole and |V TH| p is the threshold voltage of the PMOS transistor. Similarly the Drain current equation in saturation region is given as : The I D - V DSĬharacteristics of PMOS transistor are shown inFigure belowįor PMOS device the drain current equation in linear region is given as : Also all the biases appliedĪt the device terminals are -ve. Hence -ve sign appears in the current equation. The inversion layer are holes and as hole moves from source to drain theĬurrent flow is also in the same direction as that of the hole. Only the change is in this case the carriers present in Its terminal voltages can be derived by the same procedure as that of the The relationship between the source to drain current (I SD) and In linear region the I DS will increase linearly with increase inĭrain to source voltage (V DS) whereas in saturation region the I DS is constant and it is independent of V DS. In order to obtain the relationship between the drain to source current (I DS) and its terminal voltages we divide characteristics in two
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